This is all that exists. Think of it as a look at how I brainstorm. Note that I really do make up body parts very early on in the process. Also, this still has evidentiality, which I discarded for KS. The next language will definitely have to have evidentiality!

This is also where I decided to have an ‘r’ already.

Gary’s Sentences

1. The sun shines. HABITUAL

2. The sun is shining. PROGRESSIVE

Light is what moves: sele

Motion is OUT, and from contact with the SRC

Sun is the source: loo

loho=ru sele=vi

Is light, singular, multiple, or collective? Coll.

loho=ru sele=viyi

Tense is non-past

ADV for emphasizing habitual: lena or lenaka

loho=ru sele=viyi lenaka

(actually, can appear in any order)

lenaka lohoru seleviyi

seleviyi lenaka lohoru

etc.

3. The sun shone. Distant PAST

5. The sun has been shining. RECENT PAST PROG

loho=ru sele=viyi (Non-past)

	SG	MULT	COLL
NP	vi	vena	viyi
DIR	vela	velana	veleyi
INF	vibo	vibona	vibuyi
REP	vite	vitena	vitiyi

loho=ru sele=veleyi

4. The sun will shine. FUTURE

7. The sun will shine tomorrow. FUTURE

loho=ru sele=viyi rerehe (in the future)

loho=ru sele=viyi lanalan (tomorrow)

6. The sun is shining again. ITERATIVE

loho=ru sele=viyi rus (again)

8. The sun shines brightly. adverb

9. The bright sun shines. adjective

loho=ru sele=viyi luluvu

luvu loho=ru sele=viyi

loho=ru luvu sele =viyi

If Subject NP is complex:

luvu sele lohoru ma=viyi

ma=viyi loho=ru luvu sele

10. The sun is rising now. PROGRESSIVE/PATH

loho=ŋi sono (up/head) lala (now)

cāj	kiga	belly	inside
cēm	kima	waist	middle
ciēl	kili	face	surface
hāl	gala	chest	front
hēññ	geŋi	hair
hīñ	giŋi	nose	point
hōrr	goro	heel
jāon	ginu	butt
jēt	gite	palm
jōl	gilo	knees
kāc	kake	nails
kāen	kene	flesh
kēm	keme	finger
kīw	kibi	skin
kōλ	koli	neck
kū	ku(vu)	hand
lēŋŋ	leŋe	guts
līw	libi	nerves
lōh	logo	elbows
lōmm	lomo	forearm
māc	make	liver
māll	mala	heart
mān	mana	blood
mōl	molo	womb
mūñ	muŋi	bones
ñām	ŋima	shoulder	next to
nīm	nimi	toe
nōm	nomo	wrist
nōs	noso	penis
ŋāk	ŋaka	back	back
ōrw	woru	legs
piēx	pizi	teeth
rēx	rezi	urine
rōñ	runu	eye
sār	sara	ears
sātt	sata	body
sērj	seri	navel
sēss	sese	kidneys
sōn	sono	head	top
tāk	taka	arms
tāl	tala	vagina
tāwr	taru	mouth
þāk	daka	thigh
þēll	dele	lung
tīrr	tiri	ankle
ūsn	wunu	tongue
ūx	wuzi	anus
wānn	bana	foot	bottom
wēr	bere	name
wūn	bunu	sweat
wūt	butu	shit

11. All the people shouted.

12. Some of the people shouted.

13. Many of the people shouted twice.

thing moving: sound

source: people (all, some, many)

type of motion: OUT

yele = people

animate nouns get explicit plurals: yele, yena, yeliyi

a shout, a cry, a loud noise: rul

yeleyi=ru rulu=veleyi (all at once)

yena=ru rulu=velana (separately)

all = tene + sg

some = peve + mult

many = nana + mult

tene yele=ru rulu=veleyi/velana

peve yena=ru rulu=veleyi/velana

nana yena=ru rulu=velana yene (twice)

14. Happy people often shout.

hanada yena=ru rulu=velana lenaka

15. The kitten jumped up.

16. The kitten jumped onto the table.

yirele = kitten

motion = VIA and up

yirele=ŋela sono tebe=s (onto the table)

17. My little kitten walked away.

No my in this context

yirele=ŋela peze=no (away) liye=pe > lipe (from me (no contact))

18. It’s raining. & 19. The rain came down.

tatara=ŋeleyi (bana)

20. The kitten is playing in the rain.

tatara=nen yirele=ru gire=ŋi

21. The rain has stopped (falling).

tatara=ŋeleyi toro (bana)

22. Soon the rain will stop.

23. I hope the rain stops soon.

tatara=ŋiyi rehe (soon) toro (stop)

diri=me liye=s / les rehe toro tatara=ŋiyi=ru diri=me

24. Once wild animals lived here.

long ago = lilite

wild animals = pake+yi

here = do=s

lived/dwelled = =ye > past.reported = tiyi

dos lilite pakeyi=tiyi (mara=gi (their home))

li / ri / sa / ma / ye

BE/no motion

ye – yena – yigi

la – lana – leyi

bo – bona -buyi

te – tena – tiyi

Text and Translation

Kines yenda durondas uduriza ŋera neneno, namas eri neneŋiza bolono. Gareke lires naki, koros sovonda ŋono pezes sarananda andalona. Samas siŋi udures saloziza kuŋino, sovonda tononda runurunu sara. Lohoya mezi menepesena, pobolo tininisena. Uduridu koro vubire taka dimidimi haka, rusurusu haka, satana. Garas yedas satanda bereno.

Soronen andatepe sovoŋe, alas sovo sape, “Ikaro, zosos diŋi? Zosodo lirunuŋi?” Evi, “Ikaro,” alas sarunos tadano sonos zara tininino, saya sanda tudutos bavasavi. Saya ekeges koro satara, koronda kines berenoyi, Ikariya.

People on land see the pair flying through the air, and think they are spirits. They pass by the Gareke islands, and the boy feels more joy the more distance he is from the father. He desires to go higher in the air, and he forgets the father’s path. The sun begins to make the wax soft, and the feathers begin to come apart. The boy’s bare arms hit at the air repeatedly, and he begins to fall. The waters get a name from his falling into them.

The joyless father, now not a father, says,”Ikaro, where are you? Where do I look for you?” “Ikaro,” he said as he sees the feathers that are on top of the waves, and he curses his arts. He puts the boy’s body in the ground, and the land gets its name from the boy, Ikariya.

Interlinear and Explanation

Kines yenda durondas uduriza ŋera neneno, namas eri neneŋiza bolono.

People on land saw the pair flying through the air, and thought they were spirits.

Gareke lires naki, koros sovonda ŋono pezes sarananda andalona.

They passed by the Gareke islands, and the boy felt more joy the more distance he was from the father.

Samas siŋi udures saloziza kuŋino, sovonda tononda runurunu sara.

He desired to go higher in the air, and he forgot the father’s path.

Lohoya mezi menepesena, pobolo tininisena.

The sun began to make the wax soft, and the feathers began to come apart.

Uduridu koro vubire taka dimidimi haka, rusurusu haka, satana.

The boy’s bare arms hit at the air repeatedly, and he began to fall.

Apparently a noun can take multiple adjectives, but a verb/motion particle can only take one adverb. Hence the repetition of the verb phrase.

Garas yedas satanda bereno.

The waters got a name from his falling into them.

Soronen andatepe sovoŋe, alas sovo sape, “Ikaro, zosos diŋi? Zosodo lirunuŋi?”

The joyless father, now not a father, said,””Ikaro, where are you? Where do I look for you?”

Evi, “Ikaro,” alas sarunos tadano sonos zara tininino, saya sanda tudutos bavasavi.

“Ikaro,” he said as he saw the feathers that were on top of the waves, and he cursed his arts.

Curse is “cover with badness”.

Saya ekeges koro satara, koronda kines berenoyi, Ikariya.

He put the boy’s body in the ground, and the land got its name from the boy, Ikariya.

Text and Translation

Seresere koro Ikaroŋi, sovoya zame kegevedu sarunuŋi. Sadu sakemekaza seŋipe, mezi esenadu menepes tinines sakemeka. Saya sovonda vubeŋe kegevedu yerenen pabasame. Sotos pesize tininiranda uraŋireŋes nene yalono zoŋi ŋandanen Dedaloŋi. Korodo rondonen sovoŋe, “Ikaro, aŋene tonoza direhe. Ebevedu direhe, yagaranen tumu tininisenahi. Lohodo direhe, tinines sanaluvinahi. Didu tatave, aŋene tonoza ira. Ebeve, loho, nene aŋeneza ira. Liŋakaza ino, aŋene tonoza ira.”

Saya atuvuza tutuve, koro ŋamas nene talile ŋandara aŋaka. Sovo ranarana kasaya koros pezise kanaka. Zaŋi tinininen udures sovolona. Tuvonda atuvuza tuturadu Dedaloŋi. Zoŋi ŋandanen uduriza sara, koronda ŋandas saruno iride hareye.

The boy Ikaro is standing, and watching his father’s work. The danger of touching fails to come to him, and his fingers touch the feathers and soften the wax. He impedes his father’s unusual work with play. After the final feather is placed, Dedalo has a pair of moving, spread-apart wings. The father gives the boy advice, “Ikaro, go via the middle path. If you go towards the sea, its water might make the feathers heavy. If you go towards the sun, its fire might cover the feathers. I command you, take the middle path. Sea, sun, go via the middle of the pair. Follow my back, take the middle path!”

He gives a lesson in flying and then puts a pair of new wings on the boy’s shoulders. The father, with shaking hands, gives the boy a final caress. With moving feathers, the father leaps into the air. Dedalo is like a bird giving a lesson in flying. With moving wings he goes through the air, his eyes looking back at the boy’s wings.

Interlinear and Explanation

Seresere koro Ikaroŋi, sovoya zame kegevedu sarunuŋi.

The boy Ikaro was standing, and watching his father’s work.

Sadu sakemekaza seŋipe, mezi esenadu menepes tinines sakemeka.

The danger of touching failed to come to him, and his fingers touched the feathers and softened the wax.

Saya sovonda vubeŋe kegevedu yerenen pabasame.

He impeded his father’s unusual work with play.

Sotos pesize tininiranda uraŋireŋes nene yalono zoŋi ŋandanen Dedaloŋi.

After the final feather was placed, Dedalo had a pair of moving, spread-apart wings.

Korodo rondonen sovoŋe, “Ikaro, aŋene tonoza direhe.

The father gave the boy advice, “Ikaro, go via the middle path.

Ebevedu direhe, yagaranen tumu tininisenahi.

If you go towards the sea, its water might make the feathers heavy.

Lohodo direhe, tinines sanaluvinahi.

If you go towards the sun, its fire might cover the feathers.

Didu tatave, aŋene tonoza ira.

I command you, take the middle path.

Ebeve, loho, nene aŋeneza ira.

Sea, sun, go via the middle of the pair.

Liŋakaza ino, aŋene tonoza ira.”

Follow my back, take the middle path!”

Saya atuvuza tutuve, koro ŋamas nene talile ŋandara aŋaka.

He gave a lesson in flying and then put a pair of new wings on the boy’s shoulders.

Sovo ranarana kasaya koros pezise kanaka.

The father, with shaking hands, gave the boy a final caress.

Zaŋi tinininen udures sovolona.

With moving feathers, the father leapt into the air.

Tuvonda atuvuza tuturadu Dedaloŋi.

Dedalo was like a bird giving a lesson in flying.

Zoŋi ŋandanen uduriza sara, koronda ŋandas saruno iride hareye.

With moving wings he went through the air, his eyes looking back at the boy’s wings.

This is the story of Daedalus and Icarus, as told by Ovid and retold by my Latin I textbook, with further revisions to fit the language. There will be three parts in total. Published today, Monday, and Wednesday.

Text and Translation

ÅŠono tili lonos goligoleza liri Keretas maranda ŋono pezes ŋera Dedaloŋi. Samas molonda sanovas zase lakodo yimimino. Lirenda sarazidu goleza samas etede kuŋino, poboho ebeveŋi baŋibaŋi. Evi, “Kineza tadanuza Keretas lasa Minoka tezes, korikori layise gutus. Layeza lireze. Teneteneza Minoka tezes, uduriza saki gutus.”

Vutondo tudutos Dedaloki, saya maramaravanda talilivame. Saya ŋamaŋamas iŋenda siŋes ŋiri tininira. Panaya iŋisiŋi sizininda zome zimivivodo hase. Saya aŋene davas tava davas menepevi, zara tinines tesi bevelime. Dires tondo tuvonda zose nene ŋandaza bolonohi.

For a long time Dedalo, who was very far from home, had been on the island of Kereta. He felt a yearning for the huts where he was born. Over time he became filled with the desire to leave the island, but the seas were blocked. He said, “On the left hand, the land and the waves are held by Mino chief of Kereta, on the right, the sky is open. I will go by sky. On the left hand, Mino holds everything, on the right, he does not hold the air.”

Dedalo passes by unknown arts, he makes a new thing from life. He places feathers shoulder to shoulder from small to tall. It is like the pipes Pana made from different-sized reeds. He covered the middle and low parts with wax, he made a slight curve in the placed feathers. You could believe these were two wings from an actual bird.

Interlinear and Explanation

ÅŠono tili lonos goligoleza liri Keretas maranda ŋono pezes ŋera Dedaloŋi.

For a long time Dedalo, who was very far from home, had been on the island of Kereta.

Samas molonda sanovas zase lakodo yimimino.

He felt a yearning for the huts where he was born.

Lirenda sarazidu goleza samas etede kuŋino, poboho ebeveŋi baŋibaŋi.

Over time he became filled with the desire to leave the island, but the seas were blocked.

Evi, “Kineza tadanuza Keretas lasa Minoka tezes, korikori layise gutus.

He said, “On the left hand, the land and the waves are held by Mino chief of Kereta, on the right, the sky is open.

The coordinating conjunction tezes … gutus is related to the words for left hand and right hand in Kēlen plus the locative =s.

Layeza lireze.

I will go by sky.

Teneteneza Minoka tezes, uduriza saki gutus.”

On the left hand, Mino holds everything, on the right, he does not hold the air.”

Vutondo tudutos Dedaloki, saya maramaravanda talilivamena.

Dedalo passed by unknown arts, he started to make a new thing from life.

Saya ŋamaŋamas iŋenda siŋes ŋiri tininira.

He placed feathers shoulder to shoulder from small to tall.

Panaya iŋisiŋi sizininda zome zimivivodo hase.

It was like the pipes Pana made from different-sized reeds.

Saya aŋene davas tava davas menepevi, zara tinines tesi bevelime.

He covered the middle and low parts with wax, he made a slight curve in the placed feathers.

Dires tondo tuvonda zose nene ŋandaza bolonohi.

You could believe these were two wings from an actual bird.

Text and Translation

Yozonda siŋi yaha medes luŋera. Mede yaha satas ŋelona luŋido zenizeni kumu runuŋe. Luŋeya peretenen mede kigivinda ono davara. Sasataza hara. Saya zimivina, zimenda kerekeremena.

Urinona, inda ŋono zeye oloŋira, lamana tene layisena. Tesi tarataratana, laka kahes Nuvora. Tana reŋirana, keses igaravena. Lakaza tana reŋirayi, inda pezes ŋono pobomo ŋono pidi ŋono perete ŋono muru era. Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes lakara. Medenda medes tanatana Nuvora, ŋiri mede yaha satas oloyo sape. Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes Nuvu ira. Pezes yalata zara Nuvu sazarudu luŋi sareŋe.

Nuvonda nuvume, inda nuvunuvu saruviyi.

The star goes from there to a tall smooth tree. The man expectantly watches the star climb the smooth trunk. The star takes a large piece of bark with a knife. It goes around their body. They start to sing, and from the song they start to make magic.

The wind starts to blow, it makes many dark clouds come, and the whole sky starts to be hidden. A little bit of rain starts to fall and Nuvu goes into the hut. The river starts to flow and it covers the campsite with water. The river flows around the hut and it washes away the many spears, the many baskets, the many knives, and the many mats. The river continues to flow and washes away the hut. Nuvu quickly goes from tree to tree, and he fails to climb the trees’ smooth trunks. The river continues to flow and washes away Nuvu. The star listens to Nuvu’s voice, which is dying away.

Nuvu is changed into an owl and he continues to cry mournfully.

Interlinear and Explanation

Yozonda siŋi yaha medes luŋera.

The star goes from there to a tall smooth tree.

Mede yaha satas ŋelona luŋido zenizeni kumu runuŋe.

The man expectantly watches the star climb the smooth trunk.

Luŋeya peretenen mede kigivinda ono davara.

The star takes a large piece of bark with a knife.

Sasataza hara.

It goes around their body.

Saya zimivina, zimenda kerekeremena.

They start to sing, and from the song they start to make magic.

Urinona, inda ŋono zeye oloŋira, lamana tene layisena.

The wind starts to blow, it makes many dark clouds come, and the whole sky starts to be hidden.

Tesi tarataratana, laka kahes Nuvora.

A little bit of rain starts to fall and Nuvu goes into the hut.

Tana reŋirana, keses igaravena.

The river starts to flow and it covers the campsite with water.

Water gara is (here) a part of the river, and so possessed.

Lakaza tana reŋirayi, inda pezes ŋono pobomo ŋono pidi ŋono perete ŋono muru era.

The river flows around the hut and it washes away the many spears, the many baskets, the many knives, and the many mats.

Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes lakara.

The river continues to flow and washes away the hut.

Medenda medes tanatana Nuvora, ŋiri mede yaha satas oloyo sape.

Nuvu quickly goes from tree to tree, and he fails to climb the trees’ smooth trunks.

Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes Nuvu ira.

The river continues to flow and washes away Nuvu.

Pezes yalata zara Nuvu sazarudu luŋi sareŋe.

The star listens to Nuvu’s voice, which is dying away.

Nuvonda nuvume, inda nuvunuvu saruviyi.

Nuvu is changed into an owl and he continues to cry mournfully.

Text and Translation

Nara zales kines luŋeta baŋibaŋi. Alaza kalatepe gohotepe lakatepe sara. Sarunos pezes yutonda seleno. Nuvonda yutu selese. Hadas tanatana luŋera.

Luŋeya sorove, “Diya liyes tesi gohorahi?” Kumoya rusuve, “Be! Liyes harazidu linda viri gohose.”

“Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahi?” “Kalanen liŋizidu viri yutuse.”

“Ŋiri kele muroza dika. Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahido vene zeninen diŋi, liya lisataza nara mururazi.” Nuvoya ruluve, “Enda pezes ira! Lidu ese, kegevenen mape vekeve yendodo evu.”

One night a star falls to earth. They go for a time, cold, hungry, and shelter-less. They see light from a campfire in the distance. The light is Nuvu’s campfire. The star hurries to it.

The star says, “Could you give me some food?” The man replies, “No! There is not enough of my food for me to eat.”

“Could I make myself a little bit warm near your campfire?” “There is not enough campfire to make me warm.”

“You have some fine mats.You did not allow that I could make make myself a little bit warm near your campfire; I will put one mat around my body.” Nuvu shouts, “Go away from those! They are for me and not for lazy people who do not work.“

Interlinear and Explanation

Nara zales kines luŋeta baŋibaŋi.

One night a star falls to earth.

Alaza kalatepe gohotepe lakatepe sara.

They go for a time, cold, hungry, and shelterless.

Sarunos pezes yutonda seleno.

They see light from a campfire in the distance.

Nuvonda yutu selese.

The light is Nuvu’s campfire.

Hadas tanatana luŋera.

The star hurries to it.

Luŋeya sorove, “Diya liyes tesi gohorahi?”

The star says, “Could you give me some food?”

Kumoya rusuve, “Be! Liyes harazidu linda viri gohose.”

The man replies, “No! There is not enough of my food for me to eat.”

“Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahi?”

“Could I make myself a little bit warm near your campfire?”

“Kalanen liŋizidu viri yutuse.”

“There is not enough campfire to make me warm.”

“Ŋiri kele muroza dika.

“You have some fine mats.

Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahido vene zeninen diŋi, liya lisataza nara mururazi.”

You did not allow that I could make make myself a little bit warm near your campfire; I will put one mat around my body.”

Nuvoya ruluve, “Enda pezes ira!

Nuvu shouts, “Go away from those!

Lidu ese, kegevenen mape vekeve yendodo evu.”

They are for me and not for lazy people who do not work.“