The next three sentences in Gary’s list concern rain:
- It’s raining.
- The rain came down.
- The kitten is playing in the rain.
Rain is tadan, another class II noun, but with a singulative suffix, so really tadan is ‘raindrop’. In the collective/plural, it is tadna.
Falling is motion downwards, using tɨŋi. With rain, the downwards part can be left off.
18. tadna tɨŋi.
- tadna
- rain.MTpl
- rain
- tɨŋi
- tɨŋi.IMP
- moves
19. tadna tɨŋi tadya.
- tadna
- rain.MTpl
- rain
- otni
- tɨŋi.PRF
- moved
- tadya
- downwards
- downwards
I said that tadya was no longer prefixable, but I think it will be possible to simply say tattɨŋi (tad+tɨŋi) and mean “It’s raining”, literally “it’s moving downwards”. Any other usage of tadya with tɨŋi, though, requires the formations above.
20. gyɛdɛ iddɨse eyaŋi tadnavi.
- gyɛdɛ
- game.SSsg
- game
- iddɨse
- kitten.MTsg
- kitten
- e-
- in
- in
- aŋi
- aŋi.IMP
- move about
- tadnavi
- rain.SSpl
- rain
aŋi means to move to a large, diffuse destination. Prefixed with aŋi, it means to move about in a location (here, the rain). gyɛdɛ ‘game’, in the source slot and sessile, is indicating a purpose for the rest of the sentence. So the kitten is moving about in the rain for the purpose of a game.
In Kēlen:
18. la antārranni;
- la
- LA
- antārranni
- rain
19. ñi antārranni rājatā;
- ñi
- NI
- antārranni
- rain
- rājatā;
- to+down
20. ñi jatūmse jajēren sū antārranni;
- ñi
- NI
- jatūmse
- tūmse
- jajēren
- playful
- sū
- at
- antārranni
- rain
“The tūmse is playful in the rain.”
Questions?