Test Sentences, 88

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. He played a tune on his wonderful flute.

This uses evi and the flute is a sessile source while ‘he’ is a motile source.

119. syɨŋyan gɛkɛdɛ mava syɨme tavi dɛstɛ.

syɨŋyan
flute.SSsg
gɛkɛdɛ
wonderful.SSsg
mava
3P.MTsg
syɨme
music.MTsg
tavi
evi.PRF
dɛstɛ
I’m told

Questions?

Test Sentences, 87

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. I am tired, but very happy.

Another use of badi and of esɛdɛ.

118. lene sɛdɛ ŋute esɛdɛ andabal badi bala.

lene
1P.MTsg
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
ŋute
tired.MTsg
e-
in
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
andabal
happy
badi
but
bala
I feel

Questions?

Test Sentences, 86

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. Come with your father or mother.

And here is where I am glad that “or” uses a completely different structure than “and”/”with”.

117. susi ŋidi baŋi sobanɛn baŋi madanɛn ono ki.

susi
here
ŋidi
2P.MTsg
baŋi
which
soba
father.MTsg
-nɛn
with
baŋi
which
mada
mother.MTsg
-nɛn
with
ono
ono.IMP
ki
HORT

Questions?

Test Sentences, 85

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. Is this tree an oak or a maple?
  2. Does the sky look blue or gray?

And “or” uses baŋi, previously seen as “which”, making questions.

115. da mɛdɛ sɛdɛ baŋi atad baŋi sɛnɛt dɛmɛ?

da
III.SSsg
mɛdɛ
tree.SSsg
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
baŋi
which
atad
atad.SSsg
baŋi
which
sɛnɛt
sɛnɛt.SSsg
dɛmɛ
DUB

116. ŋi doŋi kɛɬɨdiya ono baŋi uŋahɨdiya baŋi delɨdiya dɛmɛ?

ŋi
2P
doŋi
eye.MTsg
kɛɬɨdiya
sky.MTpl
ono
ono.IMP
baŋi
which
uŋahɨdiya
blue.MTpl
baŋi
which
delɨdiya
gray.MTpl
dɛmɛ
DUB

Questions?

Test Sentences, 84

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. He is small, but strong.

But? But. I hereby decree that “but” requires a serial predicate. And the adverb badi “unexpectedly, but-ly”.

114. mava sɛdɛ ɨsa sɛdɛ kɨtɬɛ badi dɛstɛ.

mava
3P.MTsg
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
ɨsa
small.MTsg
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
kɨtɬɛ
strong.MTsg
badi
but
dɛstɛ
I’m told

Questions?

Test Sentences, 83

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. They opened all the doors and windows.

They sent all the doors and windows to open.

113. mavna syudɨdi nadɨdi kotɬɨdinɛn otni okottɨdi dɛstɛ.

mavna
3P.MTpl
syudɨdi
door.MTpl
nadɨdi
all.MTpl
kotɬɨdi
window.MTpl
-nɛn
with
otni
tɨŋi.PRF
okottɨdi
open.MTpl
dɛstɛ
I’m told

Questions?

Test Sentences, 82

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. You and I will go together.

And this is really simple. Togetherness is implied with –nɛn. To say otherwise, you would have to add the adverb liya ‘separately’.

112. ŋidi lenɛn tɨŋi dɛga.

ŋidi
2P.MTsg
le
1P.MTsg
-nɛn
with
tɨŋi
tɨŋi.IMP
dɛga
FUT

Questions?

Test Sentences, 81

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. John and Elizabeth are brother and sister.

This is actually fairly straightforward.

111. John Elizabethnɛn sɛdɛ kaɬa tiɬanɛn dɛstɛ.

John
J.MTsg
Elizabeth
E.MTsg
-nɛn
with
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
kaɬa
brother.MTsg
tiɬa
sister.MTsg
-nɛn
with
dɛstɛ
I’m told

Questions?

Test Sentences, 80

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. Pip and his dog were great friends.

This paraphrases to Pip and the cat (no dogs!) are inside friends. Now, people sɛdɛ and cats tɛndɛ. Either can be used for a combination. Since friends is also a class I noun, I would use sɛdɛ and elevate the cat to personhood. But then, I am a cat person.

110. Pip idɛlnɛn esɛdɛ syanna dɛstɛ.

Pip
Pip.MTsg
idɛl
cat.MTsg
-nɛn
with
e-
in
sɛdɛ
sɛdɛ.IMP
syanna
friend.MTpl
dɛstɛ
I’m told

Questions?

Test Sentences, 79

Continuing with Gary’s list:

  1. Be careful.
  2. Have some tea.

These are: You go carefully. and A cuppa tea goes to you Q. #109 isn’t really a command or even a polite request. It’s a question.

108. ŋidi tɨŋi mɨdeya ki.

ŋidi
2P.MTsg
tɨŋi
tɨŋi.IMP
mɨdeya
carefully
ki
HORT

109. mahɨdɛn tɨŋi ŋideya dɛmɛ.

mahɨdɛn
cup of tea.MTsg
tɨŋi
tɨŋi.IMP
ŋideya
2P.SSsg
dɛmɛ
DUB

And now we are half way to 218!

Questions?