Ni aɬudan ni loho Recap

The Story

Tena ni aɬudan ni loho tÉ›ŋÉ›teya dusena ŋÉ›ha—da daɬo É›nnavi baŋi tÉ›ndÉ› kɨtlÉ› na dÉ›mɛ—na dona nÉ›n lude kyala dantɨŋe. Hanna oŋŋe ŋyehe: sa tÉ›ndÉ› kɨtlÉ› na sa donava ludɨdÉ›n pÉ›stÉ› giya. Aɬudan aŋe kyÉ›gÉ› edatta. Ha dÉ›lɨdiya evena. Ha dÉ›lɨdiya evena iyÉ›, dona ludɨdÉ›n É›mmena o ŋÉ›ha mÉ›ha no. Linoda ha aŋe da mÉ›ddatta. Ala loho aŋe kyÉ›gÉ› edatta. Ha logɨdiya evena, nÉ›nsi dona ludɨdÉ›n opÉ›stÉ› noya. Aɬudan deya omÉ›ddustÉ›: loho tÉ›ndÉ› kɨtlÉ› na.

An argument is being had by the north wind and the sun with each other—it is which of the two is stronger—when a traveler with a warm cloak came along. They came to an agreement: he is stronger (=) he who can remove the cloak from the traveler. The north wind is beginning the task. He sends out breaths over and over. The more he sends out breaths, the closer the traveler pulls the cloak to himself. Finally, he (the north wind) is finishing it (the task). Now the sun is beginning the task. She sends out light over and over, and so the traveler takes the cloak off. The north wind says this: the sun is the stronger.

Verbs

We learned nine verbs.

1. aŋi (S) A →◯ D
2. daɬa (S) A – (D)
3. duso S A ←→ D
   mɛdduso S A ←→
4. ɛmɛmɛ S A ↘↙
5. evi S A ↖↗
6. pɛsi (S) A →→
7. sɛdɛ (S) A | (D)
8. tɛndɛ (S) A ◼ (D)
9. tɨŋi (S) A → D
   dantɨŋi A →

	imperfect [imp]	perfect [prf]	iterative [itr]
visual [vis] / Ø	aŋi	otni	anna
non-visual [nvs]	ambi	ombÉ›	ambena
inferred [inf]	alli	otɨllɛ	allena
reported [rep]	aŋe	oŋŋe	aŋena
visual [vis] / Ø	daɬa	dattɛ	danna
non-visual [nvs]	dappi	odappÉ›	dappena
inferred [inf]	dalli	odallÉ›	dallena
reported [rep]	daɬo	odattɛ	daɬena
visual [vis] / Ø	duso	dustɛ	dusna
non-visual [nvs]	duspi	duspɛtɛ	duspena
inferred [inf]	dusli	duslɛtɛ	duslena
reported [rep]	dusu	odustÉ›	dusena
visual [vis] / Ø	mɛdduso	mɛddustɛ	mɛddusna
non-visual [nvs]	mɛdduspi	mɛdduspɛtɛ	mɛdduspena
inferred [inf]	mɛddusli	mɛdduslɛtɛ	mɛdduslena
reported [rep]	mɛddusu	omɛddustɛ	mɛddusena
visual [vis] / Ø	ɛmɛmɛ	omɛtɛ	ɛmena
non-visual [nvs]	ɛmɛbi	omɛptɛ	ɛmbena
inferred [inf]	ɛmɛli	omɛttɛ	ɛmlena
reported [rep]	ɛmɛmo	omɛntɛ	ɛmmena
visual [vis] / Ø	evi	tavi	evna
non-visual [nvs]	ebi	otabÉ›	ebena
inferred [inf]	evli	otavlÉ›	evlena
reported [rep]	evo	otave	evena
visual [vis] / Ø	pɛsi	pɛstɛ	pɛsna
non-visual [nvs]	pɛspi	pɛspɛtɛ	pɛspena
inferred [inf]	pɛsli	pɛslɛtɛ	pɛslena
reported [rep]	pɛse	opɛstɛ	pɛsena
visual [vis] / Ø	sɛdɛ	sɛttɛ	sɛnna
non-visual [nvs]	sɛppi	osɛppɛ	sɛppena
inferred [inf]	sɛlli	osɛllɛ	sɛllena
reported [rep]	sɛdo	osɛttɛ	sɛdena
visual [vis] / Ø	tɛndɛ	tɛttɛ	tɛnna
non-visual [nvs]	tɛppi	otɛppɛ	tɛppena
inferred [inf]	tɛlli	otɛllɛ	tɛllena
reported [rep]	tɛndo	otɛttɛ	tɛndena
visual [vis] / Ø	tɨŋi	otni	tɨnna
non-visual [nvs]	tɨmbi	ombɛ	tɨmbena
inferred [inf]	tɨlli	otɨllɛ	tɨllena
reported [rep]	tɨŋe	oŋŋe	tɨŋena
visual [vis] / Ø	dantɨŋi	danotni	dantɨnna
non-visual [nvs]	dantɨmbi	danombɛ	dantɨmbena
inferred [inf]	dantɨlli	odantɨllɛ	dantɨllena
reported [rep]	dantɨŋe	danoŋŋe	dantɨŋena

Nouns

And 9 nouns

	motile sg	motile pl	sessile sg	sessile pl
north wind (2)	aɬudan	aɬudna	aɬudava	aɬudnavi
breath (4)	dɛleya	dɛlɨdiya	dɛle	dɛli
traveler (1)	dona	donna	donava	donnavi
task (4)	kyɛgeya	kyɛgɨdiya	kyɛgɛ	kyɛgi
light (4)	logeya	logɨdiya	logatan	logi
sun (2)	loho	lonna	lohava	lonnavi
cloak (3)	ludɨdɛn	ludɨdi	lude	ludi
agreement (4)	ŋyeheya	ŋyehɨdiya	ŋyehe	ŋyehi
argument (4)	tÉ›ŋÉ›teya	tÉ›ŋÉ›tɨdiya	tÉ›ŋÉ›t	tÉ›ŋÉ›ti

Everything Else

Three adjectives

1. ɛnna two
2. kɨtlɛ strong
3. kyala warm

eight adverbs

1. dɛmɛ doubt, open question
2. edatta beginning
3. giya able to, can, potentially
4. iyÉ› again, more
5. liya separately, non-reciprocally
6. mɛddatta finishing, ending
7. mɛha inwards
8. noya close, near, off

three adverbial conjunctions

1. ala now, and now
2. linoda finally, and finally
3. tena what follows is a story

two clausal conjunctions

1. na when, and at the same time
2. nɛnsi and so, therefore

one phrasal conjunction

1. ni…ni both…and

two modifiers

1. na more modifies adjectives
2. no more, close modifies adverbs

two prepositions

1. nɛn along with, with, and
2. o at, in, on

and nine pronouns.

	motile sg	motile pl	sessile sg	sessile pl
1	ma	manna	meya	mannavi
2	ha	hanna	haya	hannavi
3	dɨdɛn	dɨdiya	di	dɨdi
4	deya	dɨdiya	da	dayi

5. baŋi who, which
6. du that
7. ki this
8. ŋÉ›ha reflexive, reciprocal
9. sa one, the one, this one, that one, the other one

I’ll be back after the new year. Have a great holiday!