Hanna oŋŋe ŋyehe: sa tɛndɛ kɨtlɛ na sa donava ludɨdɛn pɛstɛ giya.
They came to an agreement: he is stronger (is) he who can remove the cloak from the traveler.
I’m splitting this sentence into two parts because the verb is a bit complicated. At first glance, it looks like tɨŋi ((S) A → D) in the perfect reported. But, it is actually aŋi ((S) A →◯ D), which differs from tɨŋi only in the shape of its destination. That is, tɨŋi generaly takes nouns as a destination that one can point to, aŋi does not. Aŋi is concerned with internal structure. So going to the store would use tɨŋi tasu, but going about in the store would use aŋi tasu. In the perfect, tɨŋi and aŋi are indistinguishable, possibly because once one has finished a journey (which is what perfect is used for), the shape of the destination no longer matters.
imperfect [imp] | perfect [prf] | iterative [itr] | |
visual [vis] / Ø | aŋi | otni | anna |
non-visual [nvs] | ambi | ombɛ | ambena |
inferred [inf] | alli | otɨllɛ | allena |
reported [rep] | aŋe | oŋŋe | aŋena |
As for the subject and the destination, hanna is the class 2 motile plural pronoun, and ŋyehe agreement is a class 4 noun.
motile sg | motile pl | sessile sg | sessile pl | |
agreement | ŋyeheya | ŋyehɨdiya | ŋyehe | ŋyehi |
- hanna
- pn.2.mt.pl
- they
- oŋŋe
- v.prf.rep
- →◯
- ŋyehe
- n.4.ss.sg
- agreement
Thoughts