Test Sentences, 3

The next set of sentences in Gary’s list are still discussing the sun:

  1. The sun shines brightly.
  2. The bright sun shines.
  3. The sun is rising now.

OK, sentence 8 adds an adverb, 9 an adjective. 10 is another time distinction, and a change of subject (in sodna-lɛni anyways).

8. loho logɨdiya evi loya.

loho
sun.MTsg
from the sun
logɨdiya
light.MTpl
light
evi
evi.IMP
is moving out
loya
brightly
brightly

9. loho lo logɨdiya evi.

loho
sun.MTsg
from the sun
lo
bright.MTsg
bright
logɨdiya
light.MTpl
light
evi
evi.IMP
is moving out

The adjective lo is modifying loho because a) adjectives follow nouns, and b) it’s also in the motile singular.

10. ala loho tɨŋi olaya.

ala
now
now
loho
sun.MTsg
sun
tɨŋi
tɨŋi.IMP
is moving
olaya
upwards
upwards

Look, a new verb! tɨŋi is actually the most basic verb in sodna-lɛni. It means to move (along a path) possibly towards a destination, possibly with a point of origin, but neither of those things are required.

olaya is a directional adverb. In my published grammar, I say that directional adverbs can be prefixed to the verbs. I have decided that olaya and tadya “downwards” can no longer be prefixed. The others still can.

ala is another time adverb, and generally appears in the source slot.

In Kēlen:

8. la anlōki anlūi;

la
LA
anlōki
sunlight
anlūi
bright

“The sunlight is bright.”

9. la malō malū;

la
LA
malō
sun
malū
bright

“The sun is bright.” Kēlen doesn’t have adverbs, just adjectives.

10. āl ñi malō rājōl;

āl
now
ñi
NI
malō
sun
rājōl
to the top

“The sun is rising now.”