Category: Kēlen Word of the Day Entries

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ālme, rājālme, & rūjālme

aalme

ālme

The modifier ālme is related to the noun jālme, which means ‘ford, crossing’. So the central definition of ālme denotes crossing something long and narrow from one side to the other, very much like ‘across’. ālme has expanded its range to include crossing any area, from one side of the area to the other side of the area. One border to the area must also be crossed. So one can start inside the area (at the edge, but inside) and cross to outside the area, or from outside the area to the opposite inside edge of the area, or from outside the area through the area and across the next border to outside the area again.

rā NP ālme is across NP and rū NP ālme is from across NP.

raajaalme

rājālme

rājālme is rā NP ālme without a specified location, and so means ‘across’.

ruujaalme
rūjālme

Likewise rūjālme is rū NP ālme without a specified location, and so means ‘from across’.

ñi jahāþa rā jatōna ālme tō-kēñ;
Why did the “chicken” cross the road?

tō ñi rājakiē;
To get to the other side.

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kiē, rājakiē, & rūjakiē

kiee

kiē

The modifier kiē refers to the observer’s other side of something, so something behind something else. This makes kiē partially synonymous with īr. The difference is that kiē refers to the observer’s position, and īr does not. If something has an obvious back, then use īr, otherwise use kiē. So, rā NP kiē is to the other side of NP and rū NP kiē is from the other side of NP.

raajakiee

rājakiē

rājakiē is rā NP kiē without a specified location, and so means ‘to the other side’.

ruujakiee

rūjakiē

Likewise rūjakiē is rū NP kiē without a specified location, and so means ‘from the other side’.

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nū, rājanū, & rūjanū

nuu

nū

The modifier nū refers to the observer’s side of something, so something in front of something else. This makes nū partially synonymous with hāl. The difference is that nū refers to the observer’s position, and hāl does not. If something has an obvious front, then use hāl, otherwise use nū. So, rā NP nū is to this side of NP and rū NP nū is from this side of NP.

raajanuu

rājanū

rājanū is rā NP nū without a specified location, and so means ‘to this side’.

ruujanuu

rūjanū

Likewise rūjanū is rū NP nū without a specified location, and so means ‘from this side’.

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ēmma & rūjēmma

eemma

ēmma

The modifier ēmma refers to the outside of something. So, rū NP ēmma is from the outside of NP or out of NP. The expected expression rā NP ēmma is not used. The word ēmma is related to yesterday’s word mē.

ruujeemma

rūjēmma

Likewise rūjēmma is rū NP ēmma without a specified location, and so means ‘out’. The expected expression rājēmma is not used.

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mē & rājamē

mee

mē

The modifier mē refers to the inside of something. So, rā NP mē is into NP. The expected expression rū NP mē is not used.

raajamee

rājamē

rājamē is rā NP mē without a specified location, and so means ‘into’. The expected expression rūjamē is not used.

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tā, rājatā, & rūjatā

taa

tā

The modifier tā refers to the bottom of something. So, rā NP tā is to the bottom of NP or under NP and rū NP tā is from the bottom of NP.

raajataa

rājatā

rājatā is rā NP tā without a specified location, and so means ‘to the bottom’ or ‘under’.

ruujataa

rūjatā

Likewise rūjatā is rū NP tā without a specified location, and so means ‘from the bottom’ or ‘from under’.

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ōl, rājōl, & rūjōl

ool

ōl

The modifier ōl refers to the top of something. This is related to the word sōlle ‘head’. Rā NP ōl is to the top of NP or over NP and rū NP ōl is from the top of NP or from above NP.

raajool

rājōl

rājōl is rā NP ōl without a specified location, and so means ‘to the top’ or ‘over’.

ruujool

rūjōl

Likewise rūjōl is rū NP ōl without a specified location, and so means ‘from the top’ or ‘from above’.

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īr, rājīr, & rūjīr

iir

īr

The modifier īr refers to the back of something. This is the same root as sīra. So, rā NP īr is to the back of NP or to behind NP and rū NP īr is from the back of NP or from behind NP.

raajiir

rājīr

rājīr is rā NP īr without a specified location, and so means ‘to the back’.

ruujiir

rūjīr

Likewise rūjīr is rū NP īr without a specified location, and so means ‘from the back’ or ‘from behind’.

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hāl, rājahāl, and rūjahāl

haal

hāl

The modifier hāl refers to the front of something. This is the same root as sahāla. So, rā NP hāl is to the front of NP and rū NP hāl is from the front of NP.

raajahaal

rājahāl

rājahāl is rā NP hāl without a specified location, and so means ‘to the front’.

ruujahaal

rūjahāl

Likewise rūjahāl is rū NP hāl without a specified location, and so means ‘from the front’.

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pēxa & rūjapēxa

peexa

pēxa

pēxa only occurs with the locative preposition rū. rū NP pēxa means away from a location, with a connotation that away from is far away from. So, rū jahāwekien means ‘from the shore’ and rū jahāwekien pēxa means ‘[far] away from the shore’.

ruujapeexa

rūjapēxa

rūjapēxa is rū NP pēxa without a specified location, and so just means ‘away’.

ñi liēn rūjapēxa;
I went away.