anrēspe
Continuing with the first sentence of 18th Conlang Relay Text:
ñi jakāellīñ jarēspe sū janūwa ī;
The next word is the stative noun anrēspe in inanimate singular to modify jakāellīñ. anrēspe refers to motion in place, and does not further specify what type of motion, only that something is in one place and there is motion. ñi jakāellīñ jarēspe then is saying that the kāellīñ has changed its state to moving-in-place. Or, “the kāellīñ was stirring”.
āñ
The modifier āñ is related to the word jāña, “middle”, So, āñ generally concerns itself with middle-ness. Combined with the directional prepositions, rā and rū, the concept becomes less clear. For example, rā NP āñ means, predictably, into the middle of NP or amid/amidst/among NP. If the NP is a large area, however, it can mean throughout NP. rū NP āñ, in contrast, means around NP or surrounding NP. So, with rā, āñ denotes a space (NP) and the thing spoken of is inside that space, not near an edge, and possibly in multiple spots inside that space. With rū, āñ again denotes a space (NP), but now the thing spoken of is specifically not inside that space, but rather outside of it, at multiple spots outside of it.
rājāñ
rājāñ is rā NP āñ without a specified location, and so means ‘to the middle’, ‘to among’, or ‘throughout’.
rūjāñ
Likewise rūjāñ is rū NP āñ without a specified location, and so means ‘surrounding’ or ‘around’.
Examples:
ñamma sāim makkepōlien rā anmārwi āñ pēxa
They became scattered throughout the world.
[pēxa is there for emphasis]
ñi sāim rū sāen āñ;
They gathered around him.
Note: That’s it for motion and direction, for now anyway. Feel free to ask questions about anything I didn’t cover. Next up, kinship and clan words, for a bit. After that, I’m not sure. Leave me a suggestion.
ālme
The modifier ālme is related to the noun jālme, which means ‘ford, crossing’. So the central definition of ālme denotes crossing something long and narrow from one side to the other, very much like ‘across’. ālme has expanded its range to include crossing any area, from one side of the area to the other side of the area. One border to the area must also be crossed. So one can start inside the area (at the edge, but inside) and cross to outside the area, or from outside the area to the opposite inside edge of the area, or from outside the area through the area and across the next border to outside the area again.
rā NP ālme is across NP and rū NP ālme is from across NP.
rājālme
rājālme is rā NP ālme without a specified location, and so means ‘across’.
rūjālme
Likewise rūjālme is rū NP ālme without a specified location, and so means ‘from across’.
ñi jahāþa rā jatōna ālme tō-kēñ;
Why did the “chicken” cross the road?
tō ñi rājakiē;
To get to the other side.
kiē
The modifier kiē refers to the observer’s other side of something, so something behind something else. This makes kiē partially synonymous with īr. The difference is that kiē refers to the observer’s position, and īr does not. If something has an obvious back, then use īr, otherwise use kiē. So, rā NP kiē is to the other side of NP and rū NP kiē is from the other side of NP.
rājakiē
rājakiē is rā NP kiē without a specified location, and so means ‘to the other side’.
rūjakiē
Likewise rūjakiē is rū NP kiē without a specified location, and so means ‘from the other side’.
nū
The modifier nū refers to the observer’s side of something, so something in front of something else. This makes nū partially synonymous with hāl. The difference is that nū refers to the observer’s position, and hāl does not. If something has an obvious front, then use hāl, otherwise use nū. So, rā NP nū is to this side of NP and rū NP nū is from this side of NP.
rājanū
rājanū is rā NP nū without a specified location, and so means ‘to this side’.
rūjanū
Likewise rūjanū is rū NP nū without a specified location, and so means ‘from this side’.
ēmma
The modifier ēmma refers to the outside of something. So, rū NP ēmma is from the outside of NP or out of NP. The expected expression rā NP ēmma is not used. The word ēmma is related to yesterday’s word mē.
rūjēmma
Likewise rūjēmma is rū NP ēmma without a specified location, and so means ‘out’. The expected expression rājēmma is not used.
mē
The modifier mē refers to the inside of something. So, rā NP mē is into NP. The expected expression rū NP mē is not used.
rājamē
rājamē is rā NP mē without a specified location, and so means ‘into’. The expected expression rūjamē is not used.
tā
The modifier tā refers to the bottom of something. So, rā NP tā is to the bottom of NP or under NP and rū NP tā is from the bottom of NP.
rājatā
rājatā is rā NP tā without a specified location, and so means ‘to the bottom’ or ‘under’.
rūjatā
Likewise rūjatā is rū NP tā without a specified location, and so means ‘from the bottom’ or ‘from under’.
ōl
The modifier ōl refers to the top of something. This is related to the word sōlle ‘head’. Rā NP ōl is to the top of NP or over NP and rū NP ōl is from the top of NP or from above NP.
rājōl
rājōl is rā NP ōl without a specified location, and so means ‘to the top’ or ‘over’.
rūjōl
Likewise rūjōl is rū NP ōl without a specified location, and so means ‘from the top’ or ‘from above’.
īr
The modifier īr refers to the back of something. This is the same root as sīra. So, rā NP īr is to the back of NP or to behind NP and rū NP īr is from the back of NP or from behind NP.
rājīr
rājīr is rā NP īr without a specified location, and so means ‘to the back’.
rūjīr
Likewise rūjīr is rū NP īr without a specified location, and so means ‘from the back’ or ‘from behind’.