anrēspe
Continuing with the first sentence of 18th Conlang Relay Text:
ñi jakÄellīñ jarÄ“spe sÅ« janÅ«wa Ä«;
The next word is the stative noun anrÄ“spe in inanimate singular to modify jakÄellīñ. anrÄ“spe refers to motion in place, and does not further specify what type of motion, only that something is in one place and there is motion. ñi jakÄellīñ jarÄ“spe then is saying that the kÄellīñ has changed its state to moving-in-place. Or, “the kÄellīñ was stirring”.
Äñ
The modifier Äñ is related to the word jÄña, “middle”, So, Äñ generally concerns itself with middle-ness. Combined with the directional prepositions, rÄ and rÅ«, the concept becomes less clear. For example, rÄ NP Äñ means, predictably, into the middle of NP or amid/amidst/among NP. If the NP is a large area, however, it can mean throughout NP. rÅ« NP Äñ, in contrast, means around NP or surrounding NP. So, with rÄ, Äñ denotes a space (NP) and the thing spoken of is inside that space, not near an edge, and possibly in multiple spots inside that space. With rÅ«, Äñ again denotes a space (NP), but now the thing spoken of is specifically not inside that space, but rather outside of it, at multiple spots outside of it.
rÄjÄñ
rÄjÄñ is rÄ NP Äñ without a specified location, and so means ‘to the middle’, ‘to among’, or ‘throughout’.
rÅ«jÄñ
Likewise rÅ«jÄñ is rÅ« NP Äñ without a specified location, and so means ‘surrounding’ or ‘around’.
Examples:
ñamma sÄim makkepÅlien rÄ anmÄrwi Äñ pÄ“xa
They became scattered throughout the world.
[pēxa is there for emphasis]
ñi sÄim rÅ« sÄen Äñ;
They gathered around him.
Note: That’s it for motion and direction, for now anyway. Feel free to ask questions about anything I didn’t cover. Next up, kinship and clan words, for a bit. After that, I’m not sure. Leave me a suggestion.
Älme
The modifier Älme is related to the noun jÄlme, which means ‘ford, crossing’. So the central definition of Älme denotes crossing something long and narrow from one side to the other, very much like ‘across’. Älme has expanded its range to include crossing any area, from one side of the area to the other side of the area. One border to the area must also be crossed. So one can start inside the area (at the edge, but inside) and cross to outside the area, or from outside the area to the opposite inside edge of the area, or from outside the area through the area and across the next border to outside the area again.
rÄ NP Älme is across NP and rÅ« NP Älme is from across NP.
rÄjÄlme
rÄjÄlme is rÄ NP Älme without a specified location, and so means ‘across’.
rÅ«jÄlme
Likewise rÅ«jÄlme is rÅ« NP Älme without a specified location, and so means ‘from across’.
ñi jahÄþa rÄ jatÅna Älme tÅ-kēñ;
Why did the “chicken” cross the road?
tŠñi rÄjakiÄ“;
To get to the other side.
kiē
The modifier kiÄ“ refers to the observer’s other side of something, so something behind something else. This makes kiÄ“ partially synonymous with Ä«r. The difference is that kiÄ“ refers to the observer’s position, and Ä«r does not. If something has an obvious back, then use Ä«r, otherwise use kiÄ“. So, rÄ NP kiÄ“ is to the other side of NP and rÅ« NP kiÄ“ is from the other side of NP.
rÄjakiÄ“
rÄjakiÄ“ is rÄ NP kiÄ“ without a specified location, and so means ‘to the other side’.
rūjakiē
Likewise rÅ«jakiÄ“ is rÅ« NP kiÄ“ without a specified location, and so means ‘from the other side’.
nū
The modifier nÅ« refers to the observer’s side of something, so something in front of something else. This makes nÅ« partially synonymous with hÄl. The difference is that nÅ« refers to the observer’s position, and hÄl does not. If something has an obvious front, then use hÄl, otherwise use nÅ«. So, rÄ NP nÅ« is to this side of NP and rÅ« NP nÅ« is from this side of NP.
rÄjanÅ«
rÄjanÅ« is rÄ NP nÅ« without a specified location, and so means ‘to this side’.
rūjanū
Likewise rÅ«janÅ« is rÅ« NP nÅ« without a specified location, and so means ‘from this side’.
Ä“mma
The modifier Ä“mma refers to the outside of something. So, rÅ« NP Ä“mma is from the outside of NP or out of NP. The expected expression rÄ NP Ä“mma is not used. The word Ä“mma is related to yesterday’s word mÄ“.
rūjēmma
Likewise rÅ«jÄ“mma is rÅ« NP Ä“mma without a specified location, and so means ‘out’. The expected expression rÄjÄ“mma is not used.
mē
The modifier mÄ“ refers to the inside of something. So, rÄ NP mÄ“ is into NP. The expected expression rÅ« NP mÄ“ is not used.
rÄjamÄ“
rÄjamÄ“ is rÄ NP mÄ“ without a specified location, and so means ‘into’. The expected expression rÅ«jamÄ“ is not used.
tÄ
The modifier tÄ refers to the bottom of something. So, rÄ NP tÄ is to the bottom of NP or under NP and rÅ« NP tÄ is from the bottom of NP.
rÄjatÄ
rÄjatÄ is rÄ NP tÄ without a specified location, and so means ‘to the bottom’ or ‘under’.
rÅ«jatÄ
Likewise rÅ«jatÄ is rÅ« NP tÄ without a specified location, and so means ‘from the bottom’ or ‘from under’.
Ål
The modifier Ål refers to the top of something. This is related to the word sÅlle ‘head’. RÄ NP Ål is to the top of NP or over NP and rÅ« NP Ål is from the top of NP or from above NP.
rÄjÅl
rÄjÅl is rÄ NP Ål without a specified location, and so means ‘to the top’ or ‘over’.
rÅ«jÅl
Likewise rÅ«jÅl is rÅ« NP Ål without a specified location, and so means ‘from the top’ or ‘from above’.
Ä«r
The modifier Ä«r refers to the back of something. This is the same root as sÄ«ra. So, rÄ NP Ä«r is to the back of NP or to behind NP and rÅ« NP Ä«r is from the back of NP or from behind NP.
rÄjÄ«r
rÄjÄ«r is rÄ NP Ä«r without a specified location, and so means ‘to the back’.
rūjīr
Likewise rÅ«jÄ«r is rÅ« NP Ä«r without a specified location, and so means ‘from the back’ or ‘from behind’.